It also forms the basis for the law codes of most countries of continental Europe and has played an important role in the creation of the idea of a common European culture (Stein, Roman Law in European History, 2, 104–107). In the 18th century, Adam Smith presented a philosophical foundation for explaining the relationship between law and economics. The discipline arose partly out of a critique of trade unions and U.S. antitrust law.

• Human rights, civil rights and human rights law are important fields to guarantee everyone basic freedoms and entitlements.
• Obligations, like contracts and torts, are conceptualised as rights good between individuals.
• All legal systems deal with the same basic issues, but jurisdictions categorise and identify their legal topics in different ways.
• I call the relevant facts “law-determining practices” rather than “legal decisions” because the term “decisions” tends to suggest judicial decisions in particular.

More infamous are economic torts, …

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